Authors: Ouma Joyce1, Chesikaw Lilian2, Essendi Walter3
1,2,3 Egerton University, P.O Box 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya
Corresponding Author: walter.essendi@egerton.ac.ke
Abstract: This study assessed the burden of HIV among young people of age bracket of 15–24 years in Kisumu and Homa Bay counties, Kenya. Cross-sectional survey research design was employed, utilizing quantitative and qualitative approaches. A sample size of 118 was determined using Cochran’s formula based on Kenya’s HIV prevalence of 4%. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires, while secondary data was obtained from county health records. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS version 28 to generate descriptive statistics, frequencies, and percentages, while qualitative data were transcribed, coded, and thematically analysed to provide the context for behavioural and structural drivers. Findings revealed a persistent, gendered HIV burden, with Adolescent Girls and Young Women (AGYW), particularly aged 20–24, showing higher prevalence (15.5%) compared to Adolescent Boys and Young Men (ABYM). Major risk factors for AGYW included: socio-economic vulnerability, low transition to tertiary education, transactional and intergenerational relationships, and gender-based violence, while ABYM faced risks linked to masculine norms, substance use, and low health-seeking behaviour. Despite high awareness of available prevention methods, their effectiveness was hindered by stigma, confidentiality fears, inconsistent access to services, and sluggish cultural change. This study recommends integrated approaches that combine biomedical prevention with economic empowerment, youth-friendly services, and community engagement to reduce vulnerability and new infections.
Keywords: Adolescents HIV Prevalence, Young People HIV Prevalence, HIV Risks factors, Youth HIV risk factors, gender disparities, HIV risk factors
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Suggested Citation
Ouma, J., Chesikaw, L., & Essendi , W. (2025). HIV Prevalence and Risk Factors among Adolescents and Young People in Kisumu and Homa Bay counties, Kenya. African Research Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 12(3), 9-22.