Authors: Hartone Lawrence Phiri1, Mwasi Mwanyika2 and Robert Kabage3
1,2&3National Defence University
P. O. Box 24381- 00502, Nairobi, Kenya
Abstract: The Malawi Defence Forces (MDF) plays a critical role in safeguarding national security, maintaining territorial integrity, and supporting civil authorities during emergencies. This study examined the strategic significance of the MDF in border security, with particular focus on the implications of recent restructuring initiatives. A descriptive research design was adopted, supported by a mixed-methods approach. A sample of 104 participants was selected using simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Quantitative data were collected using structured questionnaires, while qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions involving strategic and operational-level officers, operational personnel, policymakers, and national security experts. Quantitative data were coded, entered, and analysed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, and presented in tables and figures. Qualitative data were analysed thematically by identifying, organising, and interpreting recurring themes and patterns from the interviews and focus group discussions. The findings indicated that restructuring had strengthened the MDF’s strategic and operational capacity in border security, particularly through improved deterrence, surveillance, and responses to transnational threats. Initiatives such as Operation Malire and the establishment of Maritime Forces enhanced the MDF’s ability to respond to emerging security threats and contributed to regional stability. However, inadequate equipment, technology, and other operational resources continued to constrain the effectiveness of these efforts. The study recommends increased investment in defence infrastructure, logistics, professional military education, and modern surveillance technologies, including drones for border operations. Strengthening regional partnerships and intelligence-sharing mechanisms is also recommended to improve rapid response and transnational threat deterrence.
Keywords: Malawi Defence Forces, National Security, Restructuring Initiatives, Operational Efficiency, Strategic Capacity, Border Security, Drones, Border Operations, Intelligence.
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Phiri, H.L., Mwanyika, E.M., and Kabage, R. (2026). Strategic and Operational Significance of the Restructured Malawi Defence Force in the Country’s Border Security. African Research Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 13(2), 70-87. Available at https://arjess.org/uploads/strategic-and-operational-significance-of-the-restructured-malawi-defence-force-in-the-countrys-border-security.pdf